Circadian rhythms are also apparent within our gastrointestinal tract. Two new mice studies show that circadian rhythm and clock genes may also affect intestinal immune cells by boosting the secretion of cytokines that help maintain proper balance of the intestinal barrier.

Recent research has shed light on the importance of gut microbiota both during pregnancy and early life. Despite recent research that shows the placenta is not sterile, as previously thought, gut microbiota colonization in the first days and weeks after birth appears to have enormous significance for post-natal life.

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