It is already known that a reduction in gut microbial richness is the hallmark change of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, but how this dysbiosis is established in the HIV-exposed uninfected infant is poorly understood. A recent cross-sectional study, led by Dr. Grace M. Aldrovandi from the Children’s Hospital Los Angeles in Los Angeles (USA), suggests that perturbations in the infant gut microbiome may explain the greater risk of morbidity and mortality in uninfected babies born to HIV-positive mothers.

The gut microbiome of individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a topic of growing scientific interest, as recent research has linked severe immunodeficiency in HIV infection with changes in both the bacterial and viral communities of the gut.

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