It is already known that a reduction in gut microbial richness is the hallmark change of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, but how this dysbiosis is established in the HIV-exposed uninfected infant is poorly understood. A recent cross-sectional study, led by Dr. Grace M. Aldrovandi from the Children’s Hospital Los Angeles in Los Angeles (USA), suggests that perturbations in the infant gut microbiome may explain the greater risk of morbidity and mortality in uninfected babies born to HIV-positive mothers.

The observed success of the low-FODMAP diet in reducing gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in IBS made a group of researchers ask whether the diet could also address functional GI symptoms in those with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) such as Crohn's disease. This idea was explored in a recent study from the group at Monash University (Australia) that originally developed and tested the low-FODMAP diet.

A recent study, led by Dr. Deanna L. Gibson from the Department of Biology at the University of British Columbia (Canada), has found that cardiorespiratory fitness is correlated with increased microbial diversity and increased production of faecal butyrate in healthy humans.

A recent study, led by Dr. Wendy A. Henderson from the National Institute of Nursing Research at National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda (USA), and co-authored by Research Fellow Dr. Nicolaas Fourie, has found that the oral microbiota could be a useful source of information in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

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