Archives des Gut Microbiota Composition

Microbiome disruptions could explain HIV-exposed babies’ increased risk of morbidity and mortality

19 Sep 2016

by Andreu Prados

It is already known that a reduction in gut microbial richness is the hallmark change of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, but how this dysbiosis is established in the HIV-exposed uninfected infant is poorly understood. A recent cross-sectional study, led by Dr. Grace M. Aldrovandi from the Children’s Hospital Los Angeles in Los Angeles (USA), suggests that perturbations in the infant gut microbiome may explain the greater risk of morbidity and mortality in uninfected babies born to HIV-positive mothers.

Mucosal adherent bacteria may be involved in early stages of colorectal carcinogenesis

22 Aug 2016

by Andreu Prados

A recent study, led by Dr. Yue Zeng from the Department of Gastroenterology at Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in Shanghai (China), has found that colorectal pre-neoplasic lesions may be the most important factor leading to mucosal adherent bacterial dysbiosis in patients with colorectal adenomas.

Is gut dysbiosis involved in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome?

19 Aug 2016

by Andreu Prados

A recent study, led by Prof. Maureen Hanson from the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics at Cornell University in Ithaca, NY, USA, has found that ME/CFS patients have an altered composition of the gut microbiota that may play a role in increased microbial translocation and inflammatory symptoms in this condition.

Host and donor microbiota composition affects the rate of transplant acceptance in mice

12 Aug 2016

by Andreu Prados

It has been previously reported that clinical interventions on the gut microbiota constitute a new approach for preventing side effects of bone marrow transplant. Little is known regarding the role of environmental factors such as microbiota in transplant rejection.

The role of short-chain fatty acids in driving obesity: Should we blame acetate?

5 Aug 2016

by Patrice D. Cani

In a recent paper by Perry et al., researchers describe an investigation into the putative mechanisms by which gut microbiota alterations may lead to obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Authors describe increased production of acetate by altered gut microbiota in rats. They link this to activation of the parasympathetic nervous system, increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, higher ghrelin secretion, hyperphagia, and obesity. Thus, they point to increased acetate production as a driver of metabolic syndrome.

The gut microbiota of long-lived hosts accommodates health-associated gut bacteria

1 Aug 2016

by Andreu Prados

A recent study, led by Dr. Marco Candela from the Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology at University of Bologna, has constructed the longest available picture of the microbiota trajectory across different age groups.

New insights on how colonic transit time could relate to health

29 Jul 2016

by Kristina Campbell

A recent study, published in Nature Microbiology, has found associations between colonic transit time and aspects of patients’ gut microbiota in terms of composition, diversity, and also metabolic products.

Gut dysbiosis and gastrointestinal complaints do not ameliorate after weight gain in anorexia nervosa patients

25 Jul 2016

by Paul Enck

A recent study, led by Dr. John Penders, from the Department of Medical Microbiology at Maastricht University Medical Centre (The Netherlands), has found that gut dysbiosis and gastrointestinal complaints in anorexia nervosa patients do not recover after weight gain and/or normalisation of eating behaviour.

Gut microbiota changes may be responsible for depressive-like behaviours in mice through alterations in host metabolism

29 Jun 2016

by Paul Enck

A recent study, led by Dr. Peng Xie from the Chongqing Medical University in China, has demonstrated that intestinal ‘dysbiosis’ may have a causal role in the development of depressive-like behaviours in mice through altering host metabolism.

New insights into the role of gut microbiota in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus

23 Jun 2016

by Andreu Prados

A new study, led by Dr. Ana Suárez from the Department of Functional Biology at Faculty of Medicine in the University of Oviedo (Asturias, Spain), has found that intestinal microbiota changes promote a pro-inflammatory environment in SLE patients.